Gray Area Phenomena: Confronting the New World Disorder by Max G Manwaring

Author:Max G Manwaring [Manwaring, Max G]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9780429735844
Google: L3mkDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 52484817
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-04-11T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Peter Lupsha, "Grey Area Phenomenon: New Threats and Policy Dilemmas," unpublished paper presented at the High Intensity Crime/Low Intensity Conflict Conference, Chicago, Illinois, September 27-30, 1992, p. 1; also see Xavier Raufer, "Gray Areas: A New Security Threat," unpublished paper based on a paper originally presented at an NSIC-sponsored international conference on "Political Warfare, Terrorism, and the Media," in Athens, Greece in October 1991, p. 1.

2. These and subsequent assertions are based on more than 200 interviews conducted by Dr. Max G. Manwaring and Colonel Alfred W. Baker, USA. The individuals interviewed were civilian and military experts directly involved in 69 post-World War II GAP-type conflicts. The interviews were conducted in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America over the period 1984-1987. Since 1987, more than eighty additional interviews have been conducted by Manwaring. As examples, recent interviews were conducted with government ministers, former government ministers, military officers, businessmen, and journalists in Peru and Bolivia during 1989, 1990, and 1993; and in El Salvador and Guatemala in 1989 and 1992. In subsequent notes, these are cited as Interviews.

3. Sun Tzu, The Art of War, trans. Samuel B. Griffith, 1st ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), pp. 63-64, 77-79.

4. Interviews.

5. Interviews.

6. Interviews.

7. "El Discurso del Dr. Guzman," in Rogger Mercado U., Los Partidos Politicos en el Peru, (Lima: Ediciones Latinamericanos, 1985), pp. 85-90; and Desarollar la guerra popular serviendo a la Revolucion mundial, (Lima: Comite Central del Partido Communista del Peru, 1986), pp. 82-88.

8. Interview with General Mercado Jarrin conducted by Max G. Manwaring in Lima, Peru, May 28, 1990; also see General Edgardo Mercado Jarrin, "Insurgency in Latin America," Military Review (March 1969), pp. 10-20.

9. Interview with Ambassador Edwin G. Corr conducted by Max G. Manwaring in Washington, DC, April 9, 1992.

10. Interviews; also see "Guzman" and Desarollar.

11. This model stems from the research mentioned in Note 2. This model as a whole is statistically significant at the .001 level and predicted an impressive 88 percent of the win/loss results of the 69 cases examined. The independent variables defining the legitimacy dimension are those listed here. Additionally, the results of 43 conflicts that were specifically defined as insurgencies or counterinsurgencies are discussed in detail in Max G. Manwaring and John T. Fishel, "Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Toward a New Analytical Approach," Small Wars and Insurgencies, forthcoming.

12. Interviews; also, specific multiple interviews with Dr. Alvaro Magana conducted by Max G. Manwaring in San Salvador, El Salvador over the period 1987 through 1992.

13. Interviews.

14. Brian Freemantle, The Fix: Inside the World Drug Trade (New York: Tom Doherty Associates, Inc., 1986), p. 242.

15. Peter Lupsha, "Towards an Etiology of Drug Trafficking and Insurgent Relations: The Phenomenon of Narco-Terrorism," International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice (Fall 1989), p. 65.

16. "Guzman" and Desarollar.

17. Interviews.

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